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ENGLISH VERSION

Stage 5. Nizhnyaya Tunguska

Stage 3-5The movement curve on the stage:The time-table  of the stage 5 ]

Stage 5. Nizhnyaya Tunguska
(EXPERT JUDGEMENT OF STAGE COMPLEXITY ON THE TEN-POINT SCALE = 5.0)
KIRENSK (57 ° 47') - TURA (64 ° 16')
Extension - 1585 km
Locomotion - hiking, rafting

The fifth stage begins with the 25-km portage from Lena to Nizhnyaya Tunguska. The unpaved road goes from Kirensk towards the Nizhnyaya Tunguska valley. On the third of the route from Kirensk there is the logging depot Teliachikha. The pass point is situated at a distance of 1.5-2 km from the bed of Nizhnyaya Tunguska; it is a slight eminence all covered with dense forest. The exit to the right bank of Nizhnyaya Tunguska is opposite the village of
Nizhnyaya Karelina (on the left bank).
Length of the river is 2989 km, basin area is 473.000 sq.km. It originates on the south of Sredne-Sibirskoye Plateau, further east than Angarskiy Kriazh. Geographers subdivide it into upper course (to the entry of the Ilimpeja river) and lower course. In the upper course it flows mainly in a wide valley with many rifts. While crossing traps (streams of solid magma rock) in some places it flows in gorges less than 200 m wide with steep banks (about 100-200 m high). At the same places rapids and long stony shoals (korgi) about 10 m high are to be found. Below the rapids in the river course there are the depths about 60-100 m and whirlpools. The river's average depth is 4-6 m, in the places with traps - 2.5-3 m. Some rapids have their own names: Zhdanovskiy, Vivinskiy, Uchaminskiy, Bolshoi, but all of them are lower that Tura - the terminal of this stage. The speed on the places with rapids reaches 5 m/sec. May-June is the period of high water, winter - of mean water. During high water Nizhnyaya Tunguska is navigable from lower course up to Tura. Higher it's possible to move by launch. There are less inhabited places along Nizhnyaya Tunguska than along Lena. Mainly they are very small "dying" villages. There is only one any considerable inhabited locality on the banks of the river - Yerbogachen (pop 3.000), the centre of Katangskyi area of Irkutsk Region. The village was founded in XVII by Russian hunters. From Evenkiyskiy it means "small woodless hill". Geological parties and fur trade (sable, squirrel, ermine, musquash) enterprises are based in Yerbogachen. There is also the museum of the writer V.Y.Shishkov., the author of the famous novel "Ugrium-reka" and the epic work "Emalian Pugachev".
On the fifth stage about 60% of time, Nizhnyaya Tunguska flows twisting sinusoidally along the 108° eastern longitude strictly northward, then - towards west-north-west. Such course of the river explains gradual fall of temperature along the stage. However, July is the warmest month on the Sredne-Sibirskoye plateau (+15-17 °C). The average daily temperature of August falls to +10-12 °C, nearer to the end of the month the first autumn frosts are possible. Rainfalls are heavier in the western sector of the plateau.
The upper course of Nizhnyaya Tunguska lies in the eastern part. All the stage takes place in the zone of light-coniferous forest (Daur larch). Among the representatives of animal life there are elk, musk-deer, brown bear, glutton. There are a lot of wood-grouses and hazel-grouses. Nizhnyaya Tunguska and its tributaries are rich of Siberian sturgeon, white-fish, salmon trout. Like along the Lena river this rafting can prove to be very tiring: big distance, wide river, possible cross-wind, slow current in some places. It's difficult to use light outboard motor down Nizhnyaya Tunguska because of lack of fuel (it can be total). In case of absolute necessity it remains only day-and-night rafting by water-craft with tent, awning, fireplace. There are no special dangers during this stage.
The fifth stage is completed in the capital of Evenkija - Tura, the urban village. Population is 5.900. The centre of Evenkiyskiy Autonomous Region is situated on the right bank of Nizhnyaya Tunguska at the confluence into the Kochechum river. Tura was founded in 1927 on the place of Evenkiyskiy camp. There are also timber industry enterprise, fur base, museum of regional. It's considered that the geographical centre of Russia is situated somewhere near Tura.

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